Parcel identity

Make sure the land on the ground matches the land on paper.

Assessor maps, legal descriptions, surveys and title work answer related questions—but they are not interchangeable.

What each source is good for

Assessor record or parcel map

A useful starting point for parcel identity, tax information and orientation. It may not be a boundary survey or prove legal rights.

County-clerk records

The place to research recorded deeds, easements, plats, restrictions and other instruments tied to the land.

Survey

A licensed surveyor's work can locate boundaries and relevant improvements or recorded matters according to the scope of the survey.

Title work

The title and closing process addresses ownership, recorded exceptions and the terms of any title coverage. Ask questions about every exception you do not understand.

Red flags worth resolving

  • A fence, driveway or building appears inconsistent with the parcel map.
  • The listing acreage differs from the deed, survey or assessor record.
  • The tract was recently divided from a larger parent parcel.
  • Access depends on crossing another owner's land.
  • Utilities cross neighboring land without a clearly identified easement.
  • The title commitment lists restrictions or easements that have not been provided.
  • The seller says mineral rights are included but the documents are unclear.
Acreage is not enough. Shape, access, setbacks, easements, drainage and the location of usable ground can matter more than the headline number of acres.

A clean pre-offer file

Save the listing, parcel identifier, legal description, assessor map, seller disclosures, available survey, deed references, restriction documents, access documents and utility statements in one folder. Label every unresolved item so it survives the excitement of negotiating.

Build a property verification list →